Answers to Exercises

PART I--Chapter 4

1. Intrumental - Conventional	6. Instrumental - Natural
2. Formal	7. Instrumental - Natural
3. Instrumental - Conventional	8. Instrumental - Conventional
4. Formal	9. Formal
5. Instrumental - Conventional	10. Instrumental - Conventional

PART II--Chapter 5

1. accident	14. specific difference	27. genus
2. genus	15. accident	28. genus
3. property	16. specific difference	29. accident
4. accident	17. genus	30. accident
5. genus	18. genus	31. accident
6. accident	19. species	32. genus
7. accident	20. accident	33. property
8. genus	21. property	34. property
9. accident	22. species	35. property (or accident?)
10. genus	23. property	36. genus
11. property	24. genus	37. accident
12. accident	25. genus	38. genus
13. genus	26. accident	39. accident

PART II -- CHAPTER 6

1. equivocally	6. univocally	11. univocally
2. analogously	7. equivocally	12. equivocally
3. univocally	8. analogously	13. univocally
4. equivocally	9. univocally	14. equivocally
5. analogously	10. equivocally	15. analogously

1. US	7. UA	13. SS	19. SS	25. UA
2. SA	8. US	14. US	20. US	26. UA
3. SS	9. SS	15. SS	21. UA	27. US
4. SS	10. SA	16. SA	22. US	28. UA
5. UA	11. UA	17. SA	23. UA	29. UA
6. UA	12. UA	18. US	24. UA	30. SS

PART II--Chapter 7

1. substance	14. quality	27. relation
2. can't be categorized	15. quality	28. substance (by analogy)
3. can't be categorized	16. can't be categorized	29. quality
4. can't be categorized	17. substance	30. quantity
5. relation	18. can't be categorized	31. quantity
6. action	19. can't be categorized	32. quantity
7. quality	20. can't be categorized	33. substance
8. substance	21. substance (by analogy)	34. relation
9. can't be categorized	22. can't be categorized	35. quantity
10. can't be categorized	23. substance	36. can't be categorized
11. place/location	24. quality	37. action
12. quality	25. quality	38. relation
13. passivity	26. posture	39. can't be categorized

PART II--Chapter 9

1. not convertible; no difference

2. good definition

3. good definition OR not convertible--can you think of a featherless, furless, two-footed non-human-animal?

4. not convertible; no genus, technical terms

5. good definition

6. no genus; figurative language; not convertible

7. good definition

8. cognate; not convertible (?)

9. not convertible

10. not convertible

PART II--Chapter 10

1. A {computer [square]} is a kind of {machine [circle]}.

2. A {human [square]} is a rational [specific difference] {animal [circle]}.

3. A {human [square]} is a featherless, furless, two-footed [accidents/formal cause] {animal [circle]}.

4. A {scale [square]} is a {device [circle]}used to measure the weight of objects [final cause].

5. A {triangle [square]} is a three-sided [specific difference] {figure [circle]}.

6. An {animal [square]} is a sentient [specific difference] {living being [circle]}.

7. {Gold [square]} is the most malleable [property] {metal [circle]}.

8. A {knife [square]} is an {instrument [circle]} consisting of a thin blade [formal or material cause], usually of steel [material cause], fashioned to a handle [formal cause], having a sharp edge [formal cause], and used for cutting [final cause].

9. A {target [square]} is an {object [circle]} used to test one's skill with a weapon [final cause].

10. A {dog [square]} is an {animal [circle]} that barks [accident].

PART III--Chapter 11

1. no	6. yes: S=colors; P=qualities
2. yes: S=saints; P=martyrs	7. yes: S=numbers; P=habits
3. yes: S=dogs; P=animals that love cats	8. yes: S=logic; P=a liberal art
4. no	9. no
5. yes: S=sidewalks; P=safe these days	10. yes: S=this squirrel; P=going to eat my cat

PART III--Chapter 12

1. simple	6. improper
2. personal	7. simple
3. material	8. fictional
4. non-supposing	9. personal
5. non-supposing	10. material

PART III--Chapter 13

1. disjunctive	3. conditional	5. conjunctive	7. conjunctive	9. can't tell
2. categorical	4. conditional	6. categorical	8. conditional	10. conditional

1. universal affirm.	3. particular neg.	5. particular affirm.	7. universal affirm.	9. particular neg.
2. singular affirm.	4. indefinite affirm.	6. singular affirm.	8. universal neg.	10. indefinite affirm.

PART III--Chapter 14

1. d/u	3. d/u	5. u/u	7. d/u	9. u/d
2. u/d	4. d/d	6. u/d	8. d/d	10. d/d

PART III--Chapter 15

1. Some properties are not predicable.	6. All cannibals are hungry.
2. Some animals are sentient.	7. Some animals are living things.
3. No dog lover is one who loves a dog.	8. All aardvarks are armadillos.
4. Somebody is here.	9. No computers are user-friendly.
5. All aardvarks are viviparous.	10. Some cowards are courageous.

1. F

2. U

3. F

4. F

5. U

6. T

7. U

8. T

9. F

10. U

PART III--Chapter 16 (not taught Fall 2006)

1. No animal is a non-living thing.	6. Somebody is not non-here.
2. Everybody is non-here.	7. No cowards are non-courageous.
3. Some cannibals are non-hungry.	8. Some animals are not non-living things.
4. All cowards are non-courageous.	9. Some animals are non-sentient.
5. Some animals are not non-non-sentient.	10. All cannibals are non-hungry.

1. Some living things are animals.	6. Some here thing is a human.
2. No here things is a human.	7. Some courageous things are cowards.
3. No conversion	8. Some living things are animals.
4. No courageous thing is a coward.	9. No conversion.
5. Some non-sentient things are animals.	10. No hungry things are cannibals.

PART IV--Chapter 18

1. EIA-2

2. AII-1

3. AIE-1

4. AAA-2

5. EEO-4

6. IEO-1

7. AEI-3

8. IAO-2

9. AAA-4

PART IV--Chapter 19

1. EIO-2 Valid	6. IEO-1 Ilicit Process in Major
2. AII-1 Valid	7. AEI-3 Ilicit Affirmative Conclusion
3. AIE-1 Ilicit Process in Major and Minor; Ilicit Negative Conclusion	8. IEO-2 Ilicit Process in Major
4. AAA-2 Fall. of Undistributed Middle	9. AEA-4 Ilicit Affirmative Conclusion
5. AEO-4 Valid

PART IV--Chapter 22

1. Affirming Consequent

2. Denying Antecedent

3. Modus Tollens

4. Modus Tollens

5. Modus Ponens

6. Aff. the Consequent

7. Den. the Antecedent

1. Valid-Hypothetical

2. Valid-Disjunctive

3. Invalid-Disjunctive

4. Valid-Hypothetical

5. Valid-Disjunctive

6. Valid-Hypothetical

7. Invalid-Disjunctive or

7. Valid-Disj (p and q are contradictories)