Plato Reading Questions
Exam Outlines
| |
HERACLITUS AND JOHN PASSAGES
DK Fragment 1 (KRS 194): Of the Logos which
is as I describe it men always prove to be uncomprehending, both before they have heard it
and when once they have heard it. For although all things happen according to this
Logos men are like people of no experience, even when they experience such words and deeds
as I explain, when I distinguish each thing according to its consititution and declare how
it is; but the rest of men fail to notice what they do after they wake up just as
they foret what they do when asleep. (trans. Kirk, Raven, Schofield The Presocratic
Philosophers Second Edition, Cambridge (1983)).
DK Fragment 2 (KRS 195): Therefore it is necessary
to follow the common; but although the Logos is common the many live as though they
had a private understanding. (trans. KRS)
DK Fragment 50 (KRS 196): Listening not to me but
to the logos it is wise to agree that all things are one. (trans. KRS)
John I.i: en archEi En ho Logos, kai ho
Logos En pros ton Theon, kai Theos En ho Logos.
THE PREDICABLES
| ESSENTIAL PREDICABLES: The relation between
the subject and predicate when the predicate is said essentially of the subject; the
predicate expresses something of what makes the subject to be what it is in kind. |
NON-ESSENTIAL PREDICABLES: The relation
between the subject and predicate when the predicate expresses something that may belong
to the subject but does not make it to be what it is in kind. |
| 1. Predicable Species: The relation when the
predicate expresses the whole essence of the subject. |
1. Predicable Property: The relation when the
predicate does not state any part of the essence of that subject but yet follows
necessarily and exclusively from the essence of that subject. |
| 2. Predicable Genus: The relation when the
predicate expresses that part of the essence of the subject that is shared by other
natures that differ in species. |
2. Predicable Accident: The relation when
the predicate may belong or may not belong to the subject while the subject remains the
same in kind. |
| 3. Predicable Specific Difference:
The relation when the predicate sets apart the subject from the other natures in the same
genus. |
(i) Wholly Separable Accidents (separable both from
the individuals that happen to possess them and from the species as a whole)
(ii) Partially Separable Accidents (need not be said of individual subjects
of a given kind, but nonetheless cannot be separated from others)
(iii) Wholly Separable Accidents (accidents not said essentially of a
species and yet as a matter of fact are never separate from the species or from the
individuals belonging to that species) |
|